Who are the parties in a civil case/civil matter?
- Parties in a civil case are agencies, organizations, or individuals, including the plaintiff, the defendant, and persons with related rights and obligations.
- Parties in a civil matter are agencies, organizations, or individuals, including the petitioner (the person requesting the settlement of a civil matter) and persons with related rights and obligations.
- The plaintiff in a civil case is the individual who initiates a lawsuit, or an individual, agency, or organization authorized under this Code to initiate a lawsuit, requesting the Court to settle the civil case on the grounds that his/her lawful rights and interests have been infringed.
- Agencies and organizations authorized by this Code to initiate a civil case in order to request the Court to protect public interests or the interests of the State within their competence are also considered plaintiffs.
- The defendant in a civil case is the person sued by the plaintiff, or sued by an individual, agency, or organization authorized under this Code, requesting the Court to settle the civil case on the grounds that such person has infringed upon the lawful rights and interests of the plaintiff.
- A person with related rights and obligations in a civil case is someone who is neither a plaintiff nor a defendant but whose rights and obligations are related to the resolution of the civil case. Such person may request to participate in the proceedings on their own, be requested by other parties, or be admitted by the Court.
Where the resolution of a civil case relates to the rights and obligations of a person, and no party requests their participation, the Court must include such person in the proceedings as a person with related rights and obligations. - The petitioner in a civil matter is a person who requests the Court to recognize or not to recognize a legal event as a basis giving rise to civil, family, business, commercial, or labor rights and obligations of themselves or of another individual, agency, or organization; or who requests the Court to recognize their civil, family, business, commercial, or labor rights.
- A person with related rights and obligations in a civil matter is someone who does not request the settlement of the civil matter, but whose rights and obligations are related to such settlement. They may request to participate in the proceedings themselves, be requested by the petitioner, or be admitted by the Court.
Where the resolution of a civil matter relates to the rights and obligations of a person, and no one requests their participation, the Court must include such person in the proceedings as a person with related rights and obligations in the civil matter.
👉 Legal basis: Article 68 of the 2015 Civil Procedure Code.
